Weight management barriers and facilitators after breast cancer in Australian women: a national survey
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Weight management barriers and facilitators after breast cancer in Australian women: a national survey
Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide. weight gain after breast cancer is associated with poor health outcomes. The purpose of this study was to describe how the Australian breast cancer survivors now manage their weight.
Methods: The online survey of cross-sectional open to any woman living in Australia who identify themselves as having breast cancer, between November 2017 and January 2018. Results: We received 309 responses. Most respondents described their diet as good / excellent and the reported high levels of moderate-weight self-efficacy. Nonetheless, the proportion of overweight / obese increased from 47% at diagnosis to 67% at the time of the survey.
More than three-quarters of respondents did not receive advice on the prevention of weight gain at the time of diagnosis. 39% of women reported being less active after a diagnosis of cancer, and some weight loss interventions that are considered effective. Facilitator structured exercise program, proper diet, and accountability to others, while the often-cited barrier is lack of motivation / willingness, fatigue, and difficulty maintaining body weight. Women who cited fatigue as a barrier nearly two times more likely to commit low levels of physical activity (PA) or no PA than women who did not cite fatigue as a barrier.
Conclusion: We report a high level of concern about weight gain after SM and significant gaps in the provision of services around the prevention of weight gain and weight management. Women with BC should be provided with support for the prevention of weight gain in the initial survival phase, which should include a structured PA and dietary changes in combination with behavior change and social support. Weight loss or prevention of weight loss program must overcome obstacles such as fatigue. Further research is needed on the effectiveness of diet and exercise intervention on Survivor SM, especially with regard to the prevention of weight gain.
Weight management barriers and facilitators after breast cancer in Australian women: a national survey
Genomic Characterization of germline large complex rearrangements of BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes High Risk Breast Cancer Patients-Novel Variant of the National Center for Large
large genomic rearrangements (LGRs) that affects one or more exons of BRCA1 and BRCA2 are an important part of the spectrum of mutations in this gene. Since 2004, the National Institute of Oncology, Hungary, has been involved in screening for LGRs breast or ovarian cancer families registered for genetic testing. LGRs detected by the probe multiplex ligation amplification method, or next-generation sequencing. Where it is possible, transcript-level characterization LGRs do.
Phenotype data collected and analyzed as well. Altogether 28 species LGRs in 51 probands were detected. Sixteen LGRs new. Forty-nine cases are deletions or duplications in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 are two affected. Rearrangements accounted for 10% of BRCA1. Three exons copy of profit, two complex rearrangements, and 23 losses exons are marked by the determination of the appropriate breakpoint.
Description: Chemotaxis describes the movement of cells toward or away from a chemical stimulus in their environment. Cell chemotaxis plays a pivotal role in the progression of cancer and other diseases. CytoSelect Cell Migration Assays are ideal for determining the chemotactic properties of cells. The 8 µm pore size is suitable for most cell types including epithelial cells, fibroblasts, and cancer cell lines.
Description: Chemotaxis describes the movement of cells toward or away from a chemical stimulus in their environment. Cell chemotaxis plays a pivotal role in the progression of cancer and other diseases. CytoSelect Cell Migration Assays are ideal for determining the chemotactic properties of cells. The 5 µm pore size is ideal for monocytes / macrophages.
Description: Chemotaxis describes the movement of cells toward or away from a chemical stimulus in their environment. Cell chemotaxis plays a pivotal role in the progression of cancer and other diseases. CytoSelect Cell Migration Assays are ideal for determining the chemotactic properties of cells. The 3 µm pore size is best for the smallest cells including neutrophils and other leukocytes.
Description: The ability of malignant tumor cells to invade normal surrounding tissue contributes in large part to the morbidity and mortality of cancers. Cell invasion requires several distinct cellular functions including adhesion, motility, detachment, and extracellular matrix proteolysis. Our CytoSelect Cell Invasion Assays utilize precoated inserts to assay the invasive properties of tumor cells. Invasive cells can be quantified in 24-well plates on either a standard microplate reader or a fluorescence plate reader. Inserts are precoated on the top of the membrane with ECM matrix gel (basement membrane), a protein mix isolated from EHS tumor cells.
Description: The ability of malignant tumor cells to invade normal surrounding tissue contributes in large part to the morbidity and mortality of cancers. Cell invasion requires several distinct cellular functions including adhesion, motility, detachment, and extracellular matrix proteolysis. Our CytoSelect Cell Invasion Assays utilize precoated inserts to assay the invasive properties of tumor cells. Invasive cells can be quantified in 24-well plates on either a standard microplate reader or a fluorescence plate reader. Inserts are precoated on the top of the membrane with ECM matrix gel (basement membrane), a protein mix isolated from EHS tumor cells.
Description: Our CytoSelect 96-Well Cell Transformation Assay (Soft Agar Colony Formation) is suitable for measuring cell transformation where no downstream analysis is required. Cells are incubated in a semisolid agar medium for 7-8 days. The cells are then solubilized, lysed and detected using the included fluorescent dye in a fluorometric plate reader.
Description: Most imaging studies of rGFP are qualitative, and quantitation by FACS is time-consuming and expensive. Our GFP ELISA Kit measures green fluorescent protein in a standard microplate reader. Assay is sensitive to 30 pg/mL.
Description: Traditionally scratch assays have been used to study cell migration, cell proliferation and wound healing. However, these assays lack a consistently defined wound gap and can result in high inter-sample variation. Our CytoSelect 24-Well Wound Healing Assay provides a much more consistent method to measure cell migration across a wound field gap in vitro. Proprietary inserts generate a consistent 0.9mm wound gap between the cells. Cells may then be treated or monitored for proliferation or migration across the wound field by imaging samples at fixed time points or by time-lapse microscopy.
CytoSelect 96-Well In Vitro Tumor Sensitivity Assay (Soft Agar Colony Formation), Trial Size
Description: Traditionally, the soft agar colony formation assay has been used to monitor anchorage-independent growth. Cells proliferate for 3-4 weeks in a semisolid culture medium, followed by tedious manual counting of colonies. Our CytoSelect 96-Well In Vitro Tumor Sensitivity Assay provides a stringent, anchorage-independent model for chemosenstivity testing and screening of potential anticancer drugs. After just 6-8 days, cell colonies are quantified using a standard colorimetric microplate reader.
Description: Phagocytosis can be assayed by measuring the engulfment of a cell "substrate". However, traditional assays require tedious cell counting under a microscope. Our CytoSelect 96-Well Phagocytosis Assay, Zymosan Substrate provides a more accurate, user-friendly, high-throughput alternative to the standard phagocytosis assay. The assay may be adapted for use with 24-well or 48-well plates.
Description: Our Cellular Senescence Activity Assay provides an efficient method to measure Senescence Associated (SA) ß-galactosidase activity. SA-ß-Gal catalyzes the hydrolysis of X-gal, which produces a blue color in senescent cells. Quantify senescence using a fluorescence plate reader.
Description: Nitric oxide influences a variety of biological processes including cell proliferation, apoptosis, neurotoxicity and extracellular matrix remodeling. Nitric oxide reacts with superoxide to form peroxynitrite, which in turn nitrates tyrosine residues in proteins. Nitrotyrosine therefore serves as a marker for peroxynitrite action in a variety of disease states and in conditions of cellular damage and oxidative stress. Our OxiSelect Nitrotyrosine ELISA Kit provides a sensitive method to measure the formation of 3-nitrotyrosine in proteins.
OxiSelect Protein Carbonyl Fluorometric Assay, Trial Size
Description: The most common products of protein oxidation in biological samples are the carbonyl derivatives of proline, lysine, arginine and threonine residues. Such derivatives are chemically stable and serve as markers for oxidative stress in most types of reactive oxygen species. Our OxiSelect Protein Carbonyl Fluorometric Assay Kit provides a rapid, efficient method for the detection of protein carbonyl residues. The fluorescence plate-based format provides a convenient system for direct measurement of protein carbonyl content.
OxiSelect Protein Carbonyl Immunoblot Kit, Trial Size
Description: The most common products of protein oxidation in biological samples are the carbonyl derivatives of proline, lysine, arginine and threonine residues. Such derivatives are chemically stable and serve as markers for oxidative stress in most types of reactive oxygen species. Our OxiSelect Protein Carbonyl Immunoblot Kit provides a rapid, efficient method for the detection of protein carbonyl residues. The immunoblot format provides a convenient way to compare oxidized and non-oxidized protein fingerprints.
Description: The most common products of protein oxidation in biological samples are the carbonyl derivatives of proline, lysine, arginine and threonine residues. Such derivatives are chemically stable and serve as markers for oxidative stress in most types of reactive oxygen species. Our OxiSelect Protein Carbonyl ELISA Kit provides a rapid, efficient method for the detection of protein carbonyl residues. The ELISA format is perfect for higher throughput and high sensitivity; we have eliminated concentration and precipitation steps allowing greater sample retention.
OxiSelect Total Glutathione (GSSG/GSH) Assay Kit, Trial Size
Description: The OxiSelect Total Glutathione Assay Kit is a quantitative assay for measuring the total glutathione content within a sample (GSH/GSSG). Glutathione Reductase reduces oxidized glutathione (GSSG) to reduced glutathione (GSH) in the presence of NADPH. Subsequently, the chromogen reacts with the thiol group of GSH to produce a colored compound that absorbs at 405 nm. The total glutathione content in unknown samples is determined by comparison with the predetermined glutathione standard curve. The rate of chromophore production is proportional to the concentration of glutathione within the sample. The rate can be determined from the absorbance change over time. Metaphosphoric acid is provided to remove interfering proteins or enzymes from samples.
OxiSelect Oxidative DNA Damage ELISA Kit (8-OHdG Quantitation), Trial Size
Description: Among numerous types of oxidative DNA damage, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) is a ubiquitous marker of oxidative stress. 8-OHdG, one of the byproducts of oxidative DNA damage, is physiologically formed and enhanced by chemical carcinogens. Our OxiSelect Oxidative DNA Damage ELISA Kit (8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine assay) provides a powerful method for rapid, sensitive quantitation of 8-OHdG in DNA samples.
OxiSelect DNA Double Strand Break (DSB) Staining Kit, Trial Size
Description: Double-strand breaks (DSB) in DNA are among the most dangerous types of DNA damage occuring within cells. One of the earliest cellular responses to double-strand breaks is the phosphorylation of a histone variant, H2AX, at the sites of DNA damage. Within seconds Ser139 is phosphorylated when DSBs are induced in mammalian cells. Phosphorylation of this serine residue causes chromatin condensation and appears to play a critical role in the recruitment of repair or damage-signaling factors to the DNA damage sites. The OxiSelect DNA Double-Strand Break Staining Kit provides an easy-to-use method for detecting the presence of DSBs in cells cultured in microtiter plates. Double strand breaks can be detected in just a few hours by immunofluorescence staining of the phosphorylated histone H2AX.
OxiSelect UV-Induced DNA Damage ELISA Kit (CPD Quantitation), Trial Size
Description: Our OxiSelect UV-Induced DNA Damage ELISA Kit measures the formation of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD) in DNA isolated from cells or tissues. Standards or unknown DNA samples are first heat denatured before adsorbed onto a 96-well DNA binding plate. The sample or standard are then probed with an anti-CPD antibody, followed by an HRP conjugated secondary antibody.
OxiSelect UV-Induced DNA Damage ELISA Kit (6-4PP Quantitation), Trial Size
Description: Our OxiSelect UV-Induced DNA Damage ELISA Kit measures 6-4PP formation in DNA isolated from cells or tissue. Standards or unknown DNA samples are first heat denatured before adsorbed onto a 96-well DNA binding plate. The sample or standard is then probed with an anti-6-4PP antibody, followed by an HRP conjugated secondary antibody.
OxiSelect Oxidative DNA Damage Quantitation Kit (AP Sites), Trial Size
Description: DNA damage can manifest in the formation of apurinic or apyrimidinic (AP or abasic) sites. Such spontaneous base loss in mammalian cells has been estimated at between 50,000 and 200,000 sites per day. Unrepaired abasic sites can inhibit transcription and may be mutagenic. Our OxiSelect Oxidative DNA Damage Quantitation Kit provides a simple, user-friendly method for the quantitaiton DNA damage in the form of abasic sites. The assay uses an Aldehyde Reactive Probe (ARP) to specifically react with an aldehyde group on the open ring of the AP site. This allows the AP site to be labeled with Biotin, followed by detection with Streptavidin-Enzyme conjugate.
Description: Recently oxidative RNA damage has been described in conjunction with a wide variety of neurological diseases including Alzheimer?s disease, Parkinson?s disease, Dementia with Lewy Bodies, prion disease, and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. We have developed an easy-to-use ELISA for the detection of the most common marker of RNA damage: 8-hydroxyguanosine (8-OHG).
OxiSelect Cellular UV-Induced DNA Damage ELISA Kit (CPD), Trial Size
Description: Our OxiSelect Cellular UV-Induced DNA Damage ELISA Kit mesaures the formation of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD) in intact cells. Cells are first seeded in a 96-well tissue culture plate. Wells are then UV irradiated to induce DNA damage. After fixation and denaturation, cells containing the DNA lesions are probed with an anti-CPD antibody, followed by an HRP conjugated secondary antibody.
OxiSelect Cellular UV-Induced DNA Damage Staining Kit (CPD), Trial Size
Description: Our OxiSelect Cellular UV-Induced DNA Damage Staining Kit measures the formation of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD) by immunofluorescence. Cells are first seeded in a 96-well tissue culture plate. Wells are then UV irradiated to induce DNA damage. After fixation and denaturation, cells containing the DNA lesions are probed with an anti-CPD antibody, followed by a FITC conjugated secondary antibody. The unbound secondary antibody is removed during a wash step, and stained cells can then be visualized with a fluorescence microscope.
OxiSelect Cellular UV-Induced DNA Damage ELISA Kit (6-4PP), Trial Size
Description: Our OxiSelect Cellular UV-Induced DNA Damage ELISA Kit measures the formation of 6-4PP in intact cells in a 96-well ELISA plate-based format. Cells are first seeded in a 96-well tissue culture plate. Wells are then UV irradiated to induce DNA damage. After fixation and denaturation, cells containing the DNA lesions are probed with an anti-6-4PP antibody, followed by an HRP conjugated secondary antibody.
OxiSelect Cellular UV-Induced DNA Damage Staining Kit (6-4PP), Trial Size
Description: Our OxiSelect Cellular UV-Induced DNA Damage Staining Kit measures the formation of 6-4PP structures in DNA by immunofluorescence. Cells are first seeded in a 96-well tissue culture plate. Wells are then UV irradiated to induce DNA damage. After fixation and denaturation, cells containing the DNA lesions are probed with an anti-6-4PP antibody, followed by a FITC conjugated secondary antibody. The unbound secondary antibody is removed during a wash step, and stained cells can then be visualized with a fluorescence microscope.
Description: The TBARS (Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances) assay is well-established for screening and monitoring lipid peroxidation. MDA forms a 1:2 adduct with thiobarbituric acid; the MDA-TBA adduct can then be measured. Our OxiSelect TBARS Assay Kit provides a much more user-friendly protocol to measure the MDA-TBA adduct. Reaction volumes are much smaller than the traditional assay, so much less sample is required. Also, reactions can be performed in standard polypropylene tubes - no glass tubes or glass marbles are required. Important Note: MDA adducts are not stable long term. For best results test all samples immediately upon collection, or freeze them at -80ºC for up to one month. MDA may be degraded in samples that have been frozen for longer periods; in such cases more reliable results may be obtained from more stable markers of oxidative stress such as protein carbonyl, 8-OHdG or 4-HNE.
Description: 8-iso-Prostaglandin F2alpha (8-isoprostane) is a stable by-product of lipid peroxides generated during oxidative stress. Our OxiSelect 8-Isoprostane Assay Kit provides a convenient method for absolute quantitation in just a few hours. The 8-Isoprostane ELISA is suitable for a variety of sample types including urine, plasma, and cell lysates.
Description: Catalase is a ubiquitous enzyme that destroys hydrogen peroxides formed during oxidative stress. Our OxiSelect Catalase Activity Assay Kit measures catalase activity in less than one hour from a variety of samples including blood, cells and tissues. Each kit provides sufficient reagents to perform up to 500 assays in a 96-well microtiter plate. This includes blanks, catalase standards and unknown samples. The OxiSelect Catalase Activity Assay Kit (Fluorometric) provides a 40-fold increase in sensitivity compared to our colorimetric assay.
Description: Superoxide dismutase (SOD), which catalyzes the dismutation of the superoxide anion into hydrogen peroxide and molecular oxygen, is one of the most important antioxidant enzymes. SOD enzymes are classified into three groups: cytosolic CuZn-SOD, mitochondrial Mn-SOD, and extracellular Ec-SOD. Our OxiSelect Superoxide Dismutase Activity Assay uses a xanthine/xanthine oxidase (XOD) system to generate superoxide anions and a chromagen to produce a water-soluble formazan dye upon reduction by superoxide anions. The superoxide dismutase activity is determined as the inhibition or reduction of chromagen.
Description: Catalase is a ubiquitous enzyme that destroys hydrogen peroxides formed during oxidative stress. Our OxiSelect Catalase Activity Assay Kits measure catalase activity in less than one hour from a variety of samples including blood, cells and tissues. Each kit provides sufficient reagents to perform up to 100 assays in a 96-well microtiter plate, or 50 assays in microcentrifuge tubes. This includes blanks, catalase standards and unknown samples. Direct spectrophotometric detection of catalase activity with ultraviolet light can cause interference from proteins and other biological components. The OxiSelect Catalase Activity Assay Kit (Colorimetric) utilizes visible light (520 nm), which reduces sample interference. The OxiSelect Catalase Activity Assay Kit (Fluorometric) provides a 40-fold increase in sensitivity compared to our colorimetric assay.
Description: The OxiSelect ROS Assay Kit is a cell-based assay for measuring hydroxyl, peroxyl, and other reactive oxygen species activity within a cell. The assay employs the cell-permeable fluorogenic probe DCFH-DA, which diffuses into cells and is deacetylcated by cellular esterases into the non-fluorescent DCFH (Figure 1). In the presence of ROS, DCFH is rapidly oxidized to highly fluorescent DCF. Fluorescence is read on a standard fluorometric plate reader.
Description: The OxiSelect Hydrogen Peroxide/Peroxidase Assay Kit is a sensitive quantitative fluorometric assay for hydrogen peroxide or peroxidase. In the presence of HRP, ADHP reacts with H2O2 in a 1:1 stoichiometry to produce highly fluorescent Resorufin. The Resorufin product can be easily read by a fluorescence microplate reader with an excitation of 530-560 nm and an emission of 590 nm, or for absorbance at 560 nm. Fluorescence values are proportional to the H2O2 or peroxidase levels within the samples. The H2O2 or peroxidase content in unknown samples is determined by comparison with its respective standard curve.
Description: The ORAC assay is a powerful tool to measure the antioxidant capacity of biomolecules. Our OxiSelect ORAC Activity Assay measures this capacity in less than 2 hours from a wide variety of sample types.
Description: The HORAC assay is a powerful tool to measure the antioxidant capacity of biomolecules. Our OxiSelect HORAC Activity Assay measures the degradation of free hydroxyl radicals in less than 2 hours from a wide variety of sample types.
OxiSelect In Vitro ROS/RNS Assay Kit (Green Fluorescence), Trial Size
Description: The OxiSelect In Vitro ROS/RNS Assay provides a sensitive method to detect total reactive oxygen species (ROS) plus reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in a wide variety of sample types. This assay employs a proprietary fluorogenic probe, DCFH-DiOxyQ; the probe is primed with a dequenching reagent to the highly reactive DCFH form. In the presence of ROS and RNS, the DCFH is rapidly oxidized to the highly fluorescent DCF.
OxiSelect Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) Assay Kit, Trial Size
Description: The OxiSelect Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) Assay measures the total antioxidant capacity of biomolecules from a variety of samples via a SET mechanism. In the presence of antioxidants, copper(II) is reduced to copper(I). In turn, the copper(I) ions react with a chromogen to produce a color with maximum absorbance at 490nm.
Description: Our Ras Activation Assays use visible agarose beads to selectively precipitate the active form of specific Ras protein of interest. The precipitated small GTPase is then detected by Western blot using a target-specific antibody included in the kit. Assays are available to detect specific isoforms H-Ras, K-Ras, and N-Ras, as well as a Pan-Ras assay that detects all three isoforms.
Description: Our Cdc42 Activation Assays use visible agarose beads to selectively precipitate the active form of Cdc42 protein. The precipitated small GTPase is then detected by Western blot using a Cdc42-specific antibody included in the kit.
Description: Our Ral Activation Assay uses visible agarose beads to selectively precipitate the active form of Ral protein. The precipitated small GTPase is then detected by Western blot using a Ral-specific antibody included in the kit.
Description: Our Ran Activation Assay uses visible agarose beads to selectively precipitate the active form of Ran protein. The precipitated small GTPase is then detected by Western blot using a Ran-specific antibody included in the kit.
Description: The Lipoprotein Lipase (LPL) Activity Assay Kit is a simple, fluorometric assay that quantitatively measures LPL activity in plasma, serum, and lysates in a 96-well microtiter plate format. Each kit provides sufficient reagents to perform up to 100 assays, including blanks, LPL standards, and unknown samples. The kit contains a LPL Standard and has a detection sensitivity limit of ~1 mUnits/mL (see Kit Components for unit definition). Besides LPL, this assay can also be used to detect endothelial and hepatic lipase activity.
Description: Cell Biolabs? Lipid Extraction Kit isolates total lipids by organic extraction, but circumvents disadvantages of traditional chloroform extraction methods by extracting lipids to an upper organic phase (making it amenable to high throughput extraction) that is chloroform free.
Description: Advanced glycation end products (AGE) are formed during the Maillard reaction where reducing carbohydrates react with lysine side chains and N-terminal amino groups of various macromolecules, particularly proteins. The advanced glycation end products can adversely affect the fuction of these macromolecules. One of the most prevalent AGE products, N-epsilon-(Carboxymethyl) Lysine, has been implicated in oxidative stress and vascular damage. The OxiSelect N-epsilon-(Carboxymethyl) Lysine Competitive ELISA kit specifically detects CML formation with a high level of sensitivity. This is a Competitive ELISA Kit in which the plate is coated with a CML conjugate. Standards and unknown samples are added to the plate, followed by incubation with the primary antibody. The CML in the unknown samples and the CML attached to the plate compete for the primary antibody. Higher CML content in unknown samples results in more binding of the antibody to the sample, and thus less antibody binds to the plate. Since the antibody bound to the sample is washed away, higher CML content in samples correlates with a lower signal.
Description: Advanced glycation end products (AGE) are formed during the Maillard reaction where reducing carbohydrates react with lysine side chains and N-terminal amino groups of various macromolecules, particularly proteins (Figure 1). The advanced glycation end products can adversely affect the fuction of these macromolecules. One of the most prevalent advanced glycation end products, N-epsilon-(Carboxymethyl) Lysine, has been implicated in oxidative stress and vascular damage. Our OxiSelect AGE Competitive ELISA kit is designed for rapid detection and quantitation of advanced glycation end product protein adducts. The quantity of AGE adduct in protein samples is determined by comparing its OD with that of a known AGE-BSA standard curve.
Description: MDA, or malondialdehyde, is a widely accepted marker for oxidative stress. Our OxiSelect MDA Competitive ELISA Kit provides a sensitive, specific method for detection of this lipid peroxidation by-product. Important Note: MDA adducts are not stable long term. For best results test all samples immediately upon collection, or freeze them at -80ºC for up to one month. MDA may be degraded in samples that have been frozen for longer periods; in such cases more reliable results may be obtained from more stable markers of oxidative stress such as protein carbonyl, 8-OHdG or 4-HNE.
Description: 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE or HNE) is a well known by-product of lipid peroxidation and is widely accepted as a stable marker for oxidative stress. Our OxiSelect HNE Adduct Competitive ELISA Kit measures the formation of HNE adducts to any protein residue using a competitive ELISA format.
QuickTiter Lentivirus Titer Kit (Lentivirus-Associated HIV p24), Trial Size
Description: Measuring the HIV-1 p24 antigen is a long-established method for lentivirus quantitation. However, the traditional p24 ELISA detects both virus-associated p24 and free p24 generated by 293 cells during transient transfection. Free p24 can account for a substantial portion of total p24 in the supernatant. Therefore, the ELISA typically overestimates the quantity of lentivirus present. Our QuickTiter Lentivirus Titer Kit (Lentivirus-Associated HIV p24) substantially minimizes this problem. A proprietary technology separates the lentivirus from free p24 in solution prior to running the ELISA portion of the assay.
Description: Accurate measurement of adenovirus titer is critical for gene delivery. Traditional plaque-forming unit (PFU) assays are long and suffer from high inter-assay variability. The QuickTiter Adenovirus Titer Immunoassay Kit provide a quick, complete system to functionally titer virus infectivity. The assay recognizes all 41 serotypes of adenovirus, and can be used with any adenovirus system that can amplify in HEK 293 cells.
Description: Purification of adeno-associated virus (AAV) using ultracentrifugation is tedious and time-consuming, and yields can be low. Our ViraBind AAV Purification Kits use a single-step proprietary purification matrix, followed by further purification and concentration with a centrifugal concentrator. The result is a higher viral yield with exceptional purity in a fraction of the time.
Description: Traditionally, adeno-associated virus (AAV) particles have been quantified by DNA dot blot or similar procedures. These methods can be time-consuming and suffer from a high degree of inter-assay variability. Our QuickTiter AAV Quantitation Kit uses a proprietary technology to quantify the viral nucleic acid content of AAV preps. The kit can be used with unpurified supernatant of AAV-2 or AAV-DJ, or with purified AAV from any serotype.
Description: A competitive inhibition quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Testosterone (T) in samples from serum, plasma, urine or other biological fluids.
Description: A competitive inhibition quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Testosterone (T) in samples from serum, plasma, urine or other biological fluids.
Custom production of antibodies in 5 Rats using customer supplied antigen (std 63 days protocol)
Description: Our Ras Activation Assays use visible agarose beads to selectively precipitate the active form of specific Ras protein of interest. The precipitated small GTPase is then detected by Western blot using a target-specific antibody included in the kit. Assays are available to detect specific isoforms H-Ras, K-Ras, and N-Ras, as well as a Pan-Ras assay that detects all three isoforms.
Description: Our Ras Activation Assays use visible agarose beads to selectively precipitate the active form of specific Ras protein of interest. The precipitated small GTPase is then detected by Western blot using a target-specific antibody included in the kit. Assays are available to detect specific isoforms H-Ras, K-Ras, and N-Ras, as well as a Pan-Ras assay that detects all three isoforms.
Description: Our Ras Activation Assays use visible agarose beads to selectively precipitate the active form of specific Ras protein of interest. The precipitated small GTPase is then detected by Western blot using a target-specific antibody included in the kit. Assays are available to detect specific isoforms H-Ras, K-Ras, and N-Ras, as well as a Pan-Ras assay that detects all three isoforms.
Description: Our Rac Activation Assays use visible agarose beads to selectively precipitate the active form of Rac1 or Rac2. The precipitated small GTPase is then detected by Western blot using a Rac1- or Rac2-specific antibody included in the kit.
Description: Our Rac Activation Assays use visible agarose beads to selectively precipitate the active form of Rac1 or Rac2. The precipitated small GTPase is then detected by Western blot using a Rac1- or Rac2-specific antibody included in the kit.
Description: Our Rho Activation Assays use visible agarose beads to selectively precipitate the active form of RhoA, RhoB or RhoC. The precipitated small GTPase is then detected by Western blot using a RhoA-, RhoB- or RhoC-specific antibody included in the kit.
Description: Our Rho Activation Assays use visible agarose beads to selectively precipitate the active form of RhoA, RhoB or RhoC. The precipitated small GTPase is then detected by Western blot using a RhoA-, RhoB- or RhoC-specific antibody included in the kit.
Description: Our Rho Activation Assays use visible agarose beads to selectively precipitate the active form of RhoA, RhoB or RhoC. The precipitated small GTPase is then detected by Western blot using a RhoA-, RhoB- or RhoC-specific antibody included in the kit.
Description: Our Rap Activation Assays use visible agarose beads to selectively precipitate the active form of Rap1 or Rap2. The precipitated small GTPase is then detected by Western blot using a Rap1- or Rap2-specific antibody included in the kit.
Description: Our Rap Activation Assays use visible agarose beads to selectively precipitate the active form of Rap1 or Rap2. The precipitated small GTPase is then detected by Western blot using a Rap1- or Rap2-specific antibody included in the kit.
Description: Our Arf Activation Assays use visible agarose beads to selectively precipitate the active form of Arf1 or Arf 6. The precipitated small GTPase is then detected by Western blot using an Arf1- or Arf6-specific antibody included in the kit.
Description: Our Arf Activation Assays use visible agarose beads to selectively precipitate the active form of Arf1 or Arf 6. The precipitated small GTPase is then detected by Western blot using an Arf1- or Arf6-specific antibody included in the kit.
T-Pro Phosphate-Buffered Saline (PBS, 10X) for western blot washing
Description: A sandwich quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Rat Peripheral Myelin Protein 22 (PMP22) in samples from tissue homogenates, cell lysates or other biological fluids.
Rat Peripheral Myelin Protein 22 (PMP22) ELISA Kit
Description: A sandwich quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Rat Peripheral Myelin Protein 22 (PMP22) in samples from tissue homogenates, cell lysates or other biological fluids.
Description: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit for quantification of Rat Peripheral myelin protein 22 in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates and other biological fluids.
Rat Peripheral Myelin Protein 22 (PMP22) ELISA Kit
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Rat Peripheral Myelin Protein 22 (PMP22) in tissue homogenates, cell lysates and other biological fluids.
Rat Peripheral Myelin Protein 22 (PMP22) ELISA Kit
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Rat Peripheral Myelin Protein 22 (PMP22) in tissue homogenates, cell lysates and other biological fluids.
Rat Peripheral Myelin Protein 22 (PMP22) ELISA Kit
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Rat Peripheral Myelin Protein 22 (PMP22) in tissue homogenates, cell lysates and other biological fluids.
Rat Peripheral Myelin Protein 22 (PMP22) ELISA Kit
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Rat Peripheral Myelin Protein 22 (PMP22) in tissue homogenates, cell lysates and other biological fluids.
Rat Peripheral Myelin Protein 22 (PMP22) ELISA Kit
Description: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the Double-antibody Sandwich method for detection of Rat Peripheral Myelin Protein 22 (PMP22) in samples from tissue homogenates, cell lysates and other biological fluids with no significant corss-reactivity with analogues from other species.
Description: Human peripheral blood leukocyte tissue membrane protein lysate was prepared by isolating the membrane protein from whole tissue homogenates using a proprietary technique. The human peripheral blood leukocyte tissue was frozen in liquid nitrogen immediately after excision and then stored at -70°C. The membrane protein is provided in a buffer including HEPES (pH 7.9), MgCl2, KCl, EDTA, Sucrose, Glycerol, sodium deoxycholate, NP-40, and a cocktail of protease inhibitors. For quality control purposes, the isolated peripheral blood leukocyte tissue membrane protein pattern on SDS-PAGE gel is shown to be consistent for each lot by visualization with coomassie blue staining. The isolated peripheral blood leukocyte tissue membrane protein is then Western analyzed by either GAPDH or β-actin antibody to confirm there is no signal or very weak signal.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Inducible T cell Costimulator in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Inducible T cell Costimulator in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Inducible T cell Costimulator in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat T helper 17 cell in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat T helper 17 cell in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat T helper 17 cell in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
LGR concluded mechanism for the formation of mainly end-joining repair utilizes short homologies directly. Comparing the phenotypic features of LGR carriers to that of non-LGR carriers of BRCA1 mutation, revealed no significant differences. Our study is the largest comprehensive report LGRs of BRCA1 / 2 in familial breast and ovarian cancer patients in the region of Central and Eastern Europe. Our data add new insights to the interpretation genetically related to LGRs.
